Streptococcus suis is Gram-positive and easily grown on blood agar. Infection models vary widely and likely contribute to the lack of agreement in findings reported in published studies. Virulence factors have been the focus of more recent research. suis largely concerned capsular serotypes and comparison of signs and lesions produced by different serotypes. There has been much research on streptococci.
suis colonizes piglets at birth, both segregated early weaning (SEW) and medicated early weaning (MEW) fail to prevent S. suis infection now are reported frequently. suis, was identified in 1987 as a new pathogenic species. Outbreaks of streptococcal infection in swine occurred many years before the organism, S. It is zoonotic and occurs occasionally in people who work with pigs or handle meats (butchers, farmers, and veterinarians), causing localized infections, arthritis, septicemia and possibly death. Streptococcus suis infection also occurs sporadically in several domestic animals (cattle, sheep, goats, horses, dogs). It is relatively common, occurs throughout the year, and is prevalent in confinement-raised swine. The disease is found in all major swine-raising countries. suis infection occurs primarily in nursing or recently weaned pigs, all age groups occasionally are affected.
The disease usually is characterized by septicemia, acute meningitis, polyarthritis, polyserositis, or bronchopneumonia. This is the most important streptococcal infection of pigs and is usually seen in nursing or recently weaned piglets. Streptococcus durans has been associated with enteritis in suckling pigs. Their role in these conditions is less clear.
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It is occasionally isolated from pigs with septicemia or abscesses.Īdditional streptococci believed to be pathogens have been isolated from the respiratory tract, mammary glands, localized skin lesions and subcutaneous abscesses, from the reproductive tract of aborting sows, and sows with fertility problems or agalactia. This disease was once quite prevalent but is now rare, presumably because of improvements in husbandry and feeder design. Streptococcus porcinus is the same as Lancefield group E streptococci associated with jowl abscess (feeder boils) in swine. The cases in young pigs are a result of navel infection or from breaks in the integument as a result of knee abrasions, or infection of skin wounds including those caused by tail docking, ear notching or clipping of needle teeth. This organism is indigenous in the vagina and infects pigs at birth. This beta-hemolytic streptococcus and a few others sometimes cause arthritis, septicemia or meningitis in young pigs, complicate other disease processes, or may contribute to cases of vegetative, valvular endocarditis in older growing/finishing pigs. Sporadic infections occasionally are caused by Streptococcus equisimilis. Other less common, largely sporadic, streptococcal infections are summarized as follows. The predominant streptococcal disease of swine is caused by Streptococcus suis.
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